Chilichonse chokhudza litayamba Format ndi Format litayamba
Pokambirana za litayamba mtundu, anthu ambiri sakudziwa chomwe icho chiri ndi mmene ntchito izo. Apa ndi pamene nkhani ino wachokera. Nkhaniyi chimakwirira mbali zambiri za litayamba mtundu, alemba kuwerenga gawo mukufuna:
Gawo 1. Kodi wapamwamba dongosolo?
Wapamwamba KA
Wapamwamba amagwiritsa ntchito kuthandiza kukonza ndi sitolo deta kwambiri efficiently ndi kosavuta mosavuta ngati n'kotheka. Izi zachitika ndi kulekanitsa onse uthenga ku mbali ting'onoting'ono, kusungidwa mu ambiri kapena pang'ono maselo Boma la yovuta litayamba pagalimoto (HDD). Izi Boma lokha m'magulu osiyanasiyana (Microsoft amawaitana 'Kugawilidwa kwanthaka mayunitsi'). Kukula kwa aliyense limodzi zimadalira ochepa enieni makhalidwe a kompyuta. The awiri ofunika kwambiri ake ntchito ka (Os), kukula kwa HDD ndi wapamwamba dongosolo lokha. Malinga ndi kukula kwa aliyense limodzi, dzuwa la HDD zimasiyana ndi, chotero, kompyuta akukhudzidwira zokolola zimasiyana kwambiri.
M'nkhaniyi tiona mwachidule mwachidule fanizirani waukulu kusiyana atatu otchuka Mawindo wapamwamba kachitidwe: FAT32, NTFS & HPFS.
Part 2.File dongosolo mitundu
Mafuta mwachidule
Chimodzi mwa simplistic wapamwamba machitidwe ndi mafuta. Choyamba 'Fayilo Kugawilidwa kwanthaka Table' analengedwa ndi Bill Gates ndi Marc MacDonald mu 1977. Pa nthawiyo kunali waukulu wapamwamba dongosolo DOS ndi Microsoft Mawindo (mpaka kutuluka kwa Mawindo INE).
Zonse mafuta kachitidwe chiwerengero cha Boma uliwonse limodzi ndi wofanana ndi ena mphamvu awiri (ie 1, 2, 4, 8 etc). Chida chilichonse zambiri amasungidwa ndi chiwerengero cha masango (osachepera 1). Choncho, ngati tiyenera kusunga 40B zambiri ndiponso kukula kwa aliyense limodzi ndi 4KB, tidzakhala ntchito padziko 1% ya likupezeka kukumbukira, zomwe zimachititsa m'malo inefficient. Choncho, ang'onoang'ono kukula kwa aliyense limodzi - apamwamba zokolola a dongosolo lino.
Pali zinthu zinayi waukulu mabaibulo izi wapamwamba dongosolo: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 ndi exFAT. Zonsezi mitundu amasiyana Chrixitu mfundo za kuchuluka kwa mabayiti ntchito kusunga zosonyezera ambiri aliyense limodzi. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, kwa FAT16, nambala 16 ndi zina zotero. Zochita FAT12 anali makamaka ntchito floppy mbale, FAT16 yaing'ono-kakulidwe ma CD ndi exFAT zikupitiriza ntchito zosiyanasiyana kung'anima abulusa. Wapamwamba dongosolo limene ife ali ndi chidwi ndi FAT32, monga mmodzi wa ambiri anthu.
FAT32 poyamba anaonekera ndi kutulutsidwa Mawindo 95 OSR2 mu 1996 ndipo kwenikweni anali kusinthidwa buku la FAT16. FAT32 amagwiritsa 32B polankhula dongosolo masango, ndi malire kupala kukula wofanana 4GB. Zochita zikutanthauza kuti pazipita chiwerengero cha owona pa FAT32 ndi 4.177.920 ndi pazipita chiwerengero cha owona / zikwatu pa aliyense chikwatu ndi 65,534. Panopa, Mawindo 95, Mawindo 98, 2003 Mawindo ndi Mawindo 7 zonse thandizo FAT32. Komabe, ngakhale kuti zonsezo Mawindo 2000 ndi Mawindo XP kuwerenga ndi kulemba FAT32, lalikulu FAT32 wapamwamba dongosolo sipangakhalenso analengedwa pa izi nsanja yekha 32GB.
HPFS mwachidule
HPFS kapena 'The High Magwiridwe Fayilo ka' anali n'cholinga kwa Os / 2 pofuna kuchepetsa zofooka za mafuta. The lowongolera gulu la HPFS n'chimodzimodzi ndi mafuta, komanso anawonjezera mbali ya makina otumizira cha owona, zochokera mayina awo. The filename to kukula lokha anawonjezera kuti mpaka 254 iwiri mamvekedwe m'nkhaniyi. Komanso, HPFS amagwiritsira ntchito zamanja, osati masango, amene amachepetsa otaika litayamba danga kwambiri. Komanso, HPFS cholakwa kukonza imapanga ndi apamwamba kuposa mafuta.
Komabe, HPFS uli ndi kuipa komanso. Ndi bwino kuti abulusa mu 200MB - 400MB osiyanasiyana. Ngati voliyumu ndi zosakwana 200MB, zimapangitsa HPFS m'malo inefficient; ndipo pamene buku yatha 400MB, pa Intaneti adzakhala anakumana ndi ena ntchito kudzitsitsa. Komanso chabe amapereka pansi Mawindo NT Mabaibulo 3.1, 3.5 ndi 3,51.
NTFS mwachidule
NTFS kapena 'Chatsopano Technology Fayilo ka' - wapamwamba dongosolo ndi Microsoft. Kusakhulupirika wapamwamba dongosolo la Mawindo NT banja. Poyamba inali kuperekedwa mu 1993, zikumuyendera kwambiri chinalipo kale: HPFS. Aika patsogolo pa HPFS ndi mafuta ndi mfundo za kudalirika, kuchuluka magwiridwe antchito ndi kuchotsedwa zofooka, poyerekeza ndi HPFS ndi mafuta.
Kudalirika: Choyamba, NTFS nthawizonse amasunga akudziŵa ake wotuluka motsutsa wapamwamba dongosolo. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mwamsanga 'yokulungira mmbuyo' wotuluka ku otsiriza tikudzipereka mfundo kuti wapamwamba dongosolo kuti achire. Kachiwiri, ngati inayake yapadera chinthu a dongosolo lino akugwa, izo zimayambitsa limodzi gawo kulephera, zomwe si bwanji lonse wapamwamba dongosolo zayamba. Kachitatu, NTFS amathandiza otentha chikukonzekera.
Magwiridwe: NTFS lokha lili lonse nsanja zina wapamwamba kachitidwe kumangidwa pa. Komanso kuthandiza Mawindo NT chitetezo chitsanzo ndi angapo deta mitsinje. Komanso, timatha owerenga kuwonjezera eni eni, sinkhambakamwa zikhumbo kwa osankhidwa wapamwamba.
Anachotsa kulephera Chofunika kwambiri, pansi NTFS kukula kwa owona ndi mabuku wakhala kwambiri kuchuluka, kuzipatsa mpaka 2 ^ 64 mabayiti. Ofanana ndi mafuta, NTFS amagwiritsanso ntchito masango, chimene wakhoza kumuuza ndi vuto la anakonza gawo kukula, anakumana ndi HPFS wa owerenga.
Ponena za kuipa, si bwino ntchito pa buku, kakang'ono kuposa 400MB (nayenso kuti HPFS). Komanso pali palibe wapamwamba kubisa ichi wapamwamba dongosolo.
FAT32 vs NTFS
Panopa NTFS ndi muyezo wapamwamba dongosolo onse Mawindo Os, kuyambira Mawindo NT ndi onwards. Waukulu zitatu zimene amakonda pa FAT32 ndi:
Yekha adzakhala ngati ntchito wapawiri-booting pa kompyuta. Kukhala awiri osiyana Os pa kompyuta zingasonyeze kuti m'mbuyomo Os ayenera kuikidwa pa FAT32. Komanso, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti FAT32 ndi chachikulu kugawa pa kompyuta.
Kutsiliza: Kotero, poyerekeza wapamwamba dongosolo Mawindo masiku ano ndi NTFS. Ngakhale, ngati inu ntchito FAT32 ndi kudabwa momwe kusintha izo, apa ndi yabwino kalozera mmene kusintha kwa NTFS popanda kutaya chilichonse chofunika deta.
